Discovery BoxEzekiel 44:15-31
Context44:15 “‘But the Levitical priests, the descendants of Zadok 1 who kept the charge of my sanctuary when the people of Israel went astray from me, will approach me to minister to me; they will stand before me to offer me the fat and the blood, declares the sovereign Lord. 44:16 They will enter my sanctuary, and approach my table to minister to me; they will keep my charge.
44:17 “‘When they enter the gates of the inner court, they must wear linen garments; they must not have any wool on them when they minister in the inner gates of the court and in the temple. 44:18 Linen turbans will be on their heads and linen undergarments will be around their waists; they must not bind themselves with anything that causes sweat. 44:19 When they go out to the outer court to the people, they must remove the garments they were ministering in, and place them in the holy chambers; they must put on other garments so that they will not transmit holiness to the people with their garments. 2
44:20 “‘They must not shave their heads 3 nor let their hair grow long; 4 they must only trim their heads. 44:21 No priest may drink wine when he enters the inner court. 44:22 They must not marry a widow or a divorcee, but they may marry a virgin from the house of Israel 5 or a widow who is a priest’s widow. 44:23 Moreover, they will teach my people the difference between the holy and the common, and show them how to distinguish between the ceremonially unclean and the clean. 6
44:24 “‘In a controversy they will act as judges; 7 they will judge according to my ordinances. They will keep my laws and my statutes regarding all my appointed festivals and will observe 8 my Sabbaths.
44:25 “‘They must not come near a dead person or they will be defiled; 9 however, for father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister, they may defile themselves. 44:26 After a priest 10 has become ceremonially clean, they 11 must count off a period of seven days for him. 44:27 On the day he enters the sanctuary, into the inner court to serve in the sanctuary, he must offer his sin offering, declares the sovereign Lord.
44:28 “‘This will be their inheritance: I am their inheritance, and you must give them no property in Israel; I am their property. 12 44:29 They may eat the grain offering, the sin offering, and the guilt offering, and every devoted thing in Israel will be theirs. 44:30 The first of all the first fruits and all contributions of any kind 13 will be for the priests; you will also give to the priest the first portion of your dough, so that a blessing may rest on your house. 44:31 The priests will not eat any bird or animal that has died a natural death or was torn to pieces by a wild animal. 14
[44:15] 1 sn Zadok was a descendant of Aaron through Eleazar (1 Chr 6:50-53), who served as a priest during David’s reign (2 Sam 8:17).
[44:19] 2 sn For a similar concept of the transmitting of holiness, see Exod 19:12-14; Lev 10:1-2; 2 Sam 6:7. Similar laws concerning the priest are found in Lev 10 and 21.
[44:20] 3 sn The shaving of the head was associated with mourning (Ezek 7:18).
[44:20] 4 sn Letting the hair grow was associated with the taking of a vow (Num 6:5; Acts 21:23-26).
[44:22] 5 tn Heb “from the offspring of the house of Israel.”
[44:23] 6 sn This task was a fundamental role of the priest (Lev 10:10).
[44:24] 7 sn For a historical illustration of the priest carrying out this function, see 2 Chr 19:9-11.
[44:24] 8 tn Heb “sanctify, set apart.”
[44:25] 9 sn This law was part of the legal code for priests (Lev 21:1-3).
[44:26] 10 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the priest) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[44:26] 11 tc One medieval Hebrew
[44:28] 12 sn See Num 18:20; Deut 10:9; 18:2; Josh 13:33; 18:7.
[44:30] 13 tn Heb has in addition “from your contributions,” a repetition unnecessary in English.
[44:31] 14 tn The words “by a wild animal” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation as a clarification of the circumstances.
